HTK 1200
The HTK 1200 Oven-Camera with environmental heater is designed for non-ambient X-ray studies from room temperature to 1200°. The temperature gradient is extremely low and there are no restrictions on the sample thickness. The combination of unrestricted sample thickness and spinning preserves the good statistic of grain orientation distribution. This is necessary to obtain reliable diffraction data.

Features and benefits
  • Heats sample up to 1200 °C
  • Works in oxidising gas atmosphere, gases, and in vacuum of 10-2 mbar
  • Provides temperature uniformity of samples
  • Has an integrated sample spinner
  • Operates with readily exchangeable sample holders
  • Accommodates samples of various forms
  • Provides reliable measurement of the sample temperature
 

HTK 16 and HTK 2000

These High-Temperature cameras are designed for non-ambient X-ray studies. Investigations in the temperature range from room temperature to 1600 °C (HTK 16) can be carried out under vacuum, air or inert gas. Only under vacuum (< 10-4 mbar), 2300 °C (HTK 2000) is possible.

Features and benefits
  • Easy handling
  • Linear compensation for the heater filament’s elongation
  • Integrated alignment slit allowing precise positioning even at high temperatures
  • Heating filament optimised for minimum temperature gradient
  • Two thermocouples for temperature control and sample temperature
 

HRK 600 and HRK 900
The HRK X-ray reactor chambers, mounted on the X-RED 3000 diffractometer, permits studies of solid state and solid state-gas reactions at temperature from room temperature to approx. 600 °C (HRK 600) or 900°C (HRK 900). The experiments may be carried out either in reduced, inert or oxidising atmospheres at pressures from approx. 10-2 mbar to 10 bar.

Features and benefits
  • No temperature gradients within surface and whole bulk of samples
  • Housing is thermostatable up to 150 °C, i.e., no condensation of reaction gases
  • Rapid and reliable flushing of the whole HRK by reaction gas
  • Versatile sample holders made of stainless steel or ceramics
 

Design of the instrument

All components of the HRK are made of stainless steel. For entrance and exit of X-rays, the housing comes with two window openings that are air tightened using a Capton foil. 

The absence of temperature gradients within the whole bulk of the heated sample is guaranteed by a special arrangement of the electrical heater inside the air-tight furnace as well as by covering the two X-ray window openings of the furnace with a thin heat resistant foil. 

To minimize the thermal contact between the heated and the water-cooled components of the HRK, the furnace is coaxially surrounded by two cylindrical temperature shielding made of stainless steel. Both shielding are equipped with numerous pinholes and therefore do not hinder the gas flow. 

Sample holder heads are supplied with sieve-like bottoms which allow the reaction gas to flow through the powder specimen. 

The temperature of the sample is reliably controlled and measured by using two thermocouples positioned inside the furnace and sample holder. 

Fresh reaction gas simultaneously flows into the HRK through three openings so that all contaminating gas traces which might have remained from the atmosphere used before are reliably flushed away from the whole interior of the HRK.
 

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